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The conversation behind the book

Ideas have
histories.

The references and influences in Enter the Possible.

This book joins a continuing conversation about experience, construction, reflection, perspective, and learning through participation. These are the references included in the manuscript. They support different kinds of claims; their inclusion does not establish the effectiveness of the activities proposed in this book.

The four Ex’s build on Idit Harel’s Three X’s—Explore, Express, and Exchange—with Experience as the extension developed in this book.

  1. Autio, C., Schwartz, R., Dunietz, J., Jain, S., Stanley, M., Tabassi, E., Hall, P., & Roberts, K. (2024). Artificial intelligence risk management framework: Generative artificial intelligence profile (NIST AI 600-1). National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AI.600-1

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  2. Barnett, S. M., & Ceci, S. J. (2002). When and where do we apply what we learn? A taxonomy for far transfer. Psychological Bulletin, 128(4), 612–637. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.612

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  3. Bastani, H., Bastani, O., Sungu, A., Ge, H., Kabakcı, Ö., & Mariman, R. (2025). Generative AI without guardrails can harm learning: Evidence from high school mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(26), e2422633122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2422633122

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  4. Biggs, J. (1996). Enhancing teaching through constructive alignment. Higher Education, 32(3), 347–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138871

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  5. Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998). Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 5(1), 7–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969595980050102

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  6. Boix Mansilla, V., & Duraising, E. D. (2007). Targeted assessment of students' interdisciplinary work: An empirically grounded framework proposed. The Journal of Higher Education, 78(2), 215–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2007.11780874

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  7. Brown, J. S., Collins, A., & Duguid, P. (1989). Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational Researcher, 18(1), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018001032

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  8. CAST. (2024). CAST Universal Design for Learning Guidelines version 3.0. https://udlguidelines.cast.org/

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  9. Chernikova, O., Heitzmann, N., Stadler, M., Holzberger, D., Seidel, T., & Fischer, F. (2020). Simulation-based learning in higher education: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 90(4), 499–541. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654320933544

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  10. Darvishi, A., Khosravi, H., Sadiq, S., Gašević, D., & Siemens, G. (2024). Impact of AI assistance on student agency. Computers & Education, 210, 104967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104967

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  11. Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. Macmillan. https://ruby.fgcu.edu/courses/ndemers/colloquium/experienceducationdewey.pdf

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  12. Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350–383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999

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  13. Harel, I. (2000, Spring). The three Xs. The Education Revolution, (29). https://www.educationrevolution.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/AERO_EdRev29.pdf

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  14. Harel, I., & Papert, S. (Eds.). (1991). Constructionism: Research reports and essays, 1985–1990. Ablex Publishing Corporation. https://books.google.com/books/about/Constructionism.html?id=2jMNAQAAMAAJ

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  15. Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81–112. https://doi.org/10.3102/003465430298487

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  16. Hmelo-Silver, C. E., Duncan, R. G., & Chinn, C. A. (2007). Scaffolding and achievement in problem-based and inquiry learning: A response to Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark (2006). Educational Psychologist, 42(2), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520701263368

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  17. Hutchins, E. (1995). Cognition in the wild. MIT Press. https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262581462/cognition-in-the-wild/

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  18. Jonassen, D. H. (1997). Instructional design models for well-structured and ill-structured problem-solving learning outcomes. Educational Technology Research and Development, 45(1), 65–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02299613

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  19. Kirschner, P. A., Sweller, J., & Clark, R. E. (2006). Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work: An analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem-based, experiential, and inquiry-based teaching. Educational Psychologist, 41(2), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep4102_1

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  20. Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice-Hall. https://learningfromexperience.com/research-library/the-process-of-experiential-learning/

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  21. Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815355

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  22. Lewis, K. (2003). Measuring transactive memory systems in the field: Scale development and validation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4), 587–604. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.4.587

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  23. Miao, F., & Holmes, W. (2023). Guidance for generative AI in education and research. UNESCO. https://doi.org/10.54675/EWZM9535

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  24. Mislan, R. P. (1999). The wonderful world of Windows: An interdisciplinary information system utilizing agent technology to provide a lead-learner in the facilitation of education [Master's capstone thesis/project, Ferris State University]. https://mislan.com/mislan/www/thesis/

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  25. National Research Council. (2000). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school: Expanded edition. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/9853

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  26. National Research Council. (2001). Knowing what students know: The science and design of educational assessment. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/10019

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  27. Rudolph, J. W., Simon, R., Dufresne, R. L., & Raemer, D. B. (2006). There's no such thing as “nonjudgmental” debriefing: A theory and method for debriefing with good judgment. Simulation in Healthcare, 1(1), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1097/01266021-200600110-00006

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  28. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68

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  29. Sadler, D. R. (1989). Formative assessment and the design of instructional systems. Instructional Science, 18(2), 119–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00117714

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  30. Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Basic Books. https://books.google.com/books?id=oYNHAAAAMAAJ

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  31. Schwartz, D. L., & Bransford, J. D. (1998). A time for telling. Cognition and Instruction, 16(4), 475–522. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532690xci1604_4

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  32. Simkins, D. (2015). The arts of LARP: Design, literacy, learning and community in live-action role play. McFarland. https://mcfarlandbooks.com/product/the-arts-of-larp/

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  33. Soderstrom, N. C., & Bjork, R. A. (2015). Learning versus performance: An integrative review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 176–199. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615569000

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  34. Stasser, G., & Titus, W. (1985). Pooling of unshared information in group decision making: Biased information sampling during discussion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(6), 1467–1478. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.6.1467

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  35. Sweller, J., & Cooper, G. A. (1985). The use of worked examples as a substitute for problem solving in learning algebra. Cognition and Instruction, 2(1), 59–89. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532690xci0201_3

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  36. Tanner, K. D. (2013). Structure matters: Twenty-one teaching strategies to promote student engagement and cultivate classroom equity. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 12(3), 322–331. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.13-06-0115

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  37. Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (2005). Understanding by design (Expanded 2nd ed.). Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. https://www.ascd.org/books/understanding-by-design-expanded-2nd-edition

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